Minoan Civilization Overview

The island of Crete, which lies in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, has been heavily contested by differing civilizations over the past three-thousand years. But before first conquests for the island began, a civilization developed on the island to such an advanced degree that it would become Greek legend. These first civilized inhabitants of Crete have become known as the Minoans, named after King Minis. In the two-thousand years of the Minoan people, they rose from simple farmers to a great civilization that came to a tragic end. The island of Crete provides a unique environment that is well suited for unman civilization.Its location in the Mediterranean provides its inhabitants with a central location for trade and military operations between Greece, tally, Egypt, and the Middle East. The sea itself is rich in resources, the lands of the Cretan plains are fertile, and the southern coastal areas, with their massive cliffs, provided a natural barrier against invasion. The island 's climate is very mild, much like the coastal areas that surround the Mediterranean. Although the island has no major rivers and experiences long periods of dry weather, springs are overly abundant.These springs, which have decreased in umber, were a reliable source of fresh water for inhabitants of Crete. Another major advantage of living on the island was the large forests that used to cover the landscape. The first people of Crete came to the island during Neolithic times. These settlers may have brought crops and domesticated animals with them to Crete. It is unknown where these settlers originated from but archeological evidence suggests areas near Turkey or Syria. The first inhabitants spread quickly across the island, living in natural caves carved from the limestone rock that made up the island or in villages atop small hills.These Neolithic inhabitants developed many of the tools that other people living near the Mediterranean used, such as stone axes, obsidian and cheer b lades, sickles, bows and arrows, and stone maces. They also developed techniques for weaving wool into cloth using looms. As the Neolithic people of Crete began to move into villages on the plains and coastal areas by the middle Neolithic era, caves took on the role of burial sites for everyone from village leaders, to children, to the common resident.As the Neolithic age came to a close and the Bronze Age began, Crete experienced a period of turmoil that seems to indicate an invasion that triggered technological and cultural developments, such as bronze working, advancements in pottery and tombs. Evidence from Greek myths suggests that these invaders were refugees from lands in the north of the rising Egyptian Empire. It is possible that King Manner, the man who united Egypt, is the reason these people fled north into the sea. The period following invasion is thought of as the beginning of the Minoan Age, around BBC.During this period, the Minoan people began to form large cities w hich typically acted as independent city-states. Competition and inflict between these cities is not heavily evidenced, but it is known that during this Early Minoan age many immigrants from the mainland areas surrounding the Mediterranean came to Crete to seek refuge, much like the original invaders. This period lasted until approximately 2200 BC, after which the culture of the people of Crete shifted away from the independent nature of the city states to a more centralized society with power collecting in a few major cities that were spread across the island.During the Middle Minoan Age, kingdoms began to develop and the first Minoan palaces were constructed in cities such as Knossos and Patios. Minoans began to develop colonies on nearby islands, some of which are well recorded in Greek legends. These colonies may be a sign of over-population on the island of Crete, which was a consequence of the Minoan civilization's rapid decent down the slippery slope of farming.It is through these colonies that the Minoan culture would begin to show signs of influence as far away as mainland Greece and possibly Egypt In the later portions of the Middle Minoan Age, the Minoan civilization began to reach its peak. It is also at this point in time that seismic activity on and near Crete begins to show its tangentially dangerous nature to the Minoans. Several times during the Middle Minoan Age, palaces Were destroyed by the earthquakes or fire that may have been caused by earthquakes. It was around this period of destruction in BBC that the Greek's began to settle on Crete, but their presence was minimal at best.The Minoans would recover from these natural disasters and the civilization would continue to flourish until the Late Minoan Age, which began around 1550 BC. Around BBC, the volcanic island of There, only seventy miles north of Crete, exploded immediately following a series of earthquakes. The Minoan colonies on the island were buried under thick layers of volcanic rock and tsunamis caused major damage to coastal areas on the north of Crete and caused extensive crop damage on the eastern portion of the island due to ash. The inhabitants of Crete recovered, but the kingdoms were left in a weakened state.More earthquakes would strike the island potentially changing the landscape of the coastal areas. Some Minoan coastal cities on the eastern and northern parts of Crete lie below several feet of water, and in the Western parts of the island the coastal landscape actually appears to be much higher than it was in early Minoan times. The earthquakes may have also disrupted the supply of fresh water to Minoan cities. Wells, springs, and underground clay pipes all suffered damage due to the severe seismic activity. Knossos would grow to become the only major power on the island while other cities fell into decline.By BBC, the great city of Knossos, the last Minoan seat of power, was ravaged by war and conquered by the Greeks, ending the Minoan civiliz ation. During the nearly 2000 years of the Minoan civilization, their culture grew to influence other people in Greece, Egypt, and the Near East. There are several aspects of this culture and the most influential and historically important Of these are Minoan religion, architecture, gender's role in society, and crafts. The Minoan government was theocratic, with both the king and queen having prominent parts in religious and political affairs.The gods of the Minoan people, the most important of which were solar gods, would only communicate their will through the royal couple, who acted as the high priests and carried out religious ceremonies and political events. The kings and queens were also rated as divine beings following their deaths since they were considered to be the adopted children of the gods. It was also common for commoner and lower priests to experience a euphoric event by coming into contact with a sacred object such as a tree or a rock.Through these euphoric experien ces, they would simply see the face of their gods or see messages that were delivered in natural form by animals or plants. The architecture of early Minoan cities consisted of simple earth, mud bricks, stone, clay, and wooden buildings, with religious, political, or elite building being of generally higher laity. The home of a commoner was usually a small, rectangular room with a fire-pit in the center and a raised stone platform for sleeping in a corner. As time passed, these homes became larger and some had multiple rooms that could have acted as storage or private quarters.As for royal palaces, they Were typically constructed from stone and wood with the quality of workmanship varying from site to site. Whenever a palace was destroyed (typically by natural disaster) the new palace would be built directly atop the ruins of the destroyed structure. Dcord inside these complexes included culture of religious icons, murals, frescoes, and furniture that was designed to show the divine nature of royalty. These palaces also served as temples for the gods, which is evidenced by the close association between the king and queen and their patron gods.Almost all building would be covered in a limestone-based plaster and some would then be painted with a red compound. An aspect of Minoan culture that breaks the norm for other civilizations at the time is the importance of women in society. In almost all of the Minoan art work recovered from the ruins, women are shown in important political and religious roles. Many other cultures from this time period simply depict women as being responsible for raising children. This difference in views can probably be attributed to the significance of the female solar gods in Minoan society.It is also thought that the common Minoan woman shared equal social status as her male counterparts, which was quite different from other Mediterranean cultures, who placed most social importance on the men. When the Greeks wrote of the ancient civ ilization of Atlantis falling below the sea after a devastating earthquake, it is entirely possible that they were actually talking about the Minoans. The genealogy, complex social structure, and wondrous cities that the Minoans developed could easily be the source of inspiration for the tale of Atlantis, which was written 600 years after the collapse of the Minoan civilization on Crete.

Are Punchlines Necessary for Ads? Essay

Punch lines are the need for advertising the product as they are necessary for a product to be unique and be different. For example: â€Å"The complete man† which makes us remember the company Raymonds. Punch lines are important to make the customer remember about the product identity. It helps to recall a product easily. But it cannot rule the advertisement as ultimately the customer remembers quality and cost. Customer only sees whether he is getting the satisfactory service or not. Also after service of a product offered by company is important if the company is good, gets reputation and rules the market. Only attractive punchlines will not help. For example, if I say â€Å"Paanch matalab chota coke†, it will suddenly remind you the ad of coca cola (even though it’s not on air now). So, this way punch line increases the recall value of the ad but if your ad or positioning of the product is not perfect then you can’t expect your advt programme to be successful just on the basis of punchlines. It is very difficult to find out the right Punchline. Marketers have to select right words to form that sentences which can correctly express the positioning strategy of the brand. A bad Punchline can kill a good ‘ad’. If the Punchline strikes customers as attractive due to repeated exposure it ‘changes’ the mindset of the customer creating new set of beliefs. The Punchline represents the values of the company, benefits, attributes, features, quality, cost, special technology. If we really want to appreciate the value of Punchlines, then imagine an advertisement without any Punchline. It looks like a dumb. So basically the Punchline is the voice of the brand, which primarily gives out the minimum momentum, thrust to push the brand in the mind of the customer. A punch line has to have an element of surprise in it. Humour is also an essential aspect of advertising because a dose of laughter instantly connects the masses with a campaign. The main objective of advertising is to appeal to the consumer and a punch line should always be linked with the product. Also, there has to be something new, something which the people can connect with instantly. The best punch line strikes a chord with people and creates magic. But, certain good companies such as â€Å"Colgate† don’t have got a punch line but still it is ruling the market for years. Basically, the work of punch line is to own a space in the minds of customer and create some easy recall of the ad. But it takes a lot of imagination to come up with something as simple yet as effective as gale ki khichkhich from the Vicks campaign. Such was the power of this simple line that now, irritation in throat is called khichkhich by a majority of people. And it instantly connects the feeling to Vicks. This linking of products, or brand recall, is what makes a punch line successful. Products come and go, but punch lines always stay.

8 Tips to Stay Organized During College Application Season

As you prepare to apply to colleges, you might feel a bit like a circus clown trying to juggle a dozen bowling pins while also taking AP calculus. Or maybe not, but either way, there is a lot to manage and it doesn’t always come easily, even to students who have generally been very organized and responsible about keeping up with all their commitments in the past. Applying to college is a little different from most responsibilities you’ve probably had before. For one thing, the stakes are certainly high. If you’re successful, you will feel as though the road to your future is paved in gold, but if you’re not, you may feel you’re left to blaze your own trail. Beyond that, applying to college is generally something you have to do without a ton of oversight or guidance. Sure, you can meet with your guidance counselor and discuss choices with your parents, but ultimately it is you who is making big decisions about the future and you who is responsible for making those decisions possible. Finally, you have to do all this while also continuing to succeed in school and extracurriculars. You probably don’t have a ton of extra time, yet here you are, juggling this very important process that could determine your future. This is where comes in. We’re not just used to this frenzy; we actually thrive in it. Here, we unveil some of our top tips for keeping organized during the chaos of college applications. To learn about our top eight organizational tips for applying to college, keep reading. You are about to have a lot of paper to keep track of, and it’s best to have a system in place before it starts to pile up. If you don’t have access to some space in a filing cabinet at home, you can purchase a travel hanging file box or an accordion folder to get started. Start a file for every school on your college list and include in it everything you’ve received from those schools. Also add contact information for anyone you’ve spoken with there. Include notes about visits, pros and cons, and any other important information you’d like to be able to review easily. Also keep files for finances. There should be one file for financial aid paperwork and another for each scholarship you’re interested in applying for. These folders should contain copies of any important documents or applications, along with records of the dates you submit your paperwork. Finally, keep a folder for standardized tests. Include copies of your score reports so that you will be able to access them without needing to go online every time. Also include a calendar of test dates and registration deadlines. Procrastination is your worst enemy during college applications season. If you put off one task, it will only snowball towards the deadlines for other important tasks. There are many small ways to stay a step ahead, and if you are consistent with them you won’t feel as hurried when the time comes to complete them. Begin by staying on top of your college list as your interests grow and adapt throughout high school. Ideally, you aren’t sitting down to a blank slate your senior year and already have some kind of list in progress, even if only in your head. Also get ahead of standardized tests. Plan to take them initially as a junior and allow plenty of time for studying and retakes so that you won’t be stressed later on. Finally, you can get a head start on your personal statement by brainstorming about possible essay topics during your junior year, even before essay prompts have been released. Although you might not know the exact spin you’ll need to put on it, most essay choices are broad enough that if there’s something you’re really inclined to write about, you’ll find a way to make it work. Then, keep an eye out in August for the release of most essay prompts so that you can get to work on tailoring your ideas to them as early as possible. These days, with so much of our lives are governed by technology; this tip almost goes without saying. While you probably already know to put all important dates, deadlines, and other commitments into an online calendar, you need to go one step further and ensure that this calendar syncs across all your devices. Also be sure to set notifications to alert you to important deadlines and commitments with enough lead time to prepare. For example, if you have an SAT registration deadline coming up, it would be wise to set a notification for both the day before and then again for an hour before, just to be certain that you get it done. Synced calendars ensure that you’ll get these notifications across your devices and are bound to notice at least one before time expires. Your school’s guidance counselor may have valuable connections or insights into the schools you’re applying to. Make an appointment to meet with this person early in the year, before the mad rush begins. This also allows you time to seek input from other sources afterwards as needed. If your guidance counselor doesn’t turn out to be especially helpful in the process, seek out other trusted adults like teaches, coaches, or mentors. It’s important to have a large support network as you undertake college applications, and you never know when one of these people might be able to help you with important tasks or networking. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. You have a lot to stay on top of, and editing your college essay can become a brain-numbing task. Of course you may easily catch large typos, but sometimes after reading and rereading the same piece of writing again and again, it all begins to blend together a little, and you’re bound to miss some little (or even big) mistakes. Avoid this by using an essay editing service. Having a professional read through your essay ensures that it’s grammatically and structurally sound, and the services generally start at fairly affordable prices. Check out ’s Essay Editing service to learn more. Everything is easier with a friend. Find a friend who is applying on a similar timeline as you and help to hold one another accountable for deadlines and other steps in the application process. Setting a notification on your phone might be a good way to remind yourself that the first draft of your personal statement should be done, but it certainly won’t invite you to a study date at the library to work on it side by side. Having a visual for what needs to be completed can be particularly helpful for certain kinds of learners. Put all colleges on your list into a spreadsheet that includes each of the various tasks and stages involved in the college application process, then check off the various fields as you complete them. For some students, it’s especially helpful to print this spreadsheet or create it on a large poster board so that it can be displayed prominently someplace that they will see it every day. Even for the most organized of high school students, college applications can be a particularly challenging time. The stakes are high, emotions have a tendency to run hot, and the process is almost certainly new to you. There’s no shame in asking for help, and hiring a professional to help you keep track of everything can be a smart investment. At , we offer a personally tailored College Application Guidance Program that pairs you with a personal admissions specialist who walks you through the process step by step. Our tech platform allows you to easily track deadlines, so that you’re certain you won’t miss a thing. We also offer the Pro Bono program to qualified students. Don’t let the college application process overwhelm you. If you take things one step at a time and up your organization game to ensure that there’s no last-minute frenzy, you will be able to tackle each step as the calm, cool, and collected applicant you are.

Critical Teaching and the tutorial for final year dental students in Dissertation

Critical Teaching and the tutorial for final year dental students in the Acute Dental Care Department at Guy's Hospital - Dissertation Example This teaching experience was however only a part-time position. Nevertheless, I have carried out small-group sessions with students. I have worked my way up to senior clinical teacher and have also given lectures and seminars, some in specialised areas of dentistry. My experience as a clinical teacher has helped me gain experience in making PowerPoint presentations, making lesson plans, and making tests; more importantly, I also found out how different personalities learn and teach differently. Current responsibilities As a clinical teacher, my duties mostly relate to watching, monitoring and aiding the student/patient relationship. In other words, my responsibilities have mostly revolved around teaching and researching. I have been involved in the establishment and development of information for the lessons and lectures, and for the development of courses. During my first few years in teaching, I mostly handled small groups of students, no more than 12 taking part in sharing data ab out emergency dentistry. In the years that followed, I was assigned to assist in giving lectures and tutorials. I have also been involved in evaluating students for their examinations and projects, mostly those in the undergraduate program. In general, my current tasks relate to looking after the student/ patient relationship by ensuring students carry out the correct clinical treatment in the correct order. I am in charge of the students learning and the patient’s safety. An hour tutorial is held at the end of each session on clinic to consolidate the days teaching into formal teaching. Personal values and hopes My desire to consider and engage in the teaching and academic profession has been based on my personal experiences with teachers and academics. These teachers and professionals have exemplified superlative knowledge and skills in the transmission and the gathering of information, sharing such data for the next generation of eager learners. I value my role as a clinic al teacher and believe that this can influence how a student works and feels about the profession. I have a desire to impart knowledge that was passed onto me as a way of thanking the excellent teachers I had. I also seek to assist the students in the establishment of their careers as well as their personal development. I hope to support and guarantee the protection of crucial and significant values, especially those which relate to my responsibilities as a clinical teacher. This also relates to a strong need to secure a sense of respect and responsibility for students, patients, fellow teachers, as well as for the teaching profession. An awareness of the diversity of the academic field is also an important element which I have recognized in the teaching profession. Moreover, I have realised the importance of establishing learning communities and groups where the teaching goals and practices can be adequately implemented and incorporated. Aspects relating to personal development: I have already established that the clinical teaching can help in the improvement of my knowledge and the refining of my academic learning. I also believe that guiding students in their learning is one of the most efficient ways to improve research and to impart knowledg

Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Synthesis - Essay Example ates, taverns and coffeehouses often characterized the earlier signs, here, tradesmen and other entrepreneurs would paint their shops and business infrastructure creatively with pictorials that symbolized the products they made or the services they offered5. There were names of certain entrepreneurs painted on boards and posts, however, most of these signs would only be found on the entrepreneur’s premises. There were cases where certain events were to take place in certain places, in this case, the means of advertising and inviting people to the function was often facilitated by creatively designed and printed handbills that would announce the events5. In addition, they also came in handy when announcing business auctions, stagecoach timetables as well as travelling theater groups that moved from one place to another. Later on, the growth of the business systems as well as economic infrastructure welcomed a new century that came along with new ways of signing and business advertising. In this new business approaches, the outdoor advertising industry achieved major milestones, it moved from the colorful and neat pictures of Phineas Taylor, who was the first to have used them while advertising his circus events, this was in the 1980s. Later, there were huge improvements that were witnessed in the U.S highways and transport industry, the signage industry developed significantly, moving away from the old approaches of shop and business premise signage to roadside signage. This was done with new objectives of targeting the needs of travelers as well as promoting upcoming events, goods and services among other things3. Following improvements in technology, the signs on the highways and other strategic locations were lighted, giving way for the first major segmentations to be ushered into the signage industry. The main segments in this industry became two, there was the electrified system versus the other different form of print signage, in this case, it was upon

The Impact of NAFTA and ASEAN on Globalization Research Paper

The Impact of NAFTA and ASEAN on Globalization - Research Paper Example This paper discusses the impact of two of the known trading blocs, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) on globalization. NAFTA and Globalization NAFTA includes Mexico, Canada, and the United States. It is the biggest free trade zone in the world in terms of gross domestic product (GDP). In 1992, Mexican President Salinas, Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, and U.S President George Bush ratified the treaty. It was immediately implemented on the 1st of January 1994 (Hing, 2010). The idea of NAFTA is to encourage economic progress by facilitating the flow of products and services between the member countries. Trade relations among the member countries have widened significantly since the completion of NAFTA (Lederman, Maloney & Serven, 2005), although scholars differ over the level to which this growth is an immediate outcome of the agreement. As shown in the report of the U.S Trade Representative (USTR), the primary re presentative of the United States in foreign trade and an important motivator of free trade agreements, the general trade value within North America has substantially increased since the initiation of the accord. Regional business investment in the United States, still according to USTR, increased 117% in 15 years, from 1993 to 2007, in comparison to a 45% increase in the previous 14 years (Teslik, 2009, para 2). Trade with the associates of NAFTA currently comprises at least 80% of Mexican and Canadian trade, as well as of U.S trade. As stated by Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Jeffrey Schott (Teslik, 2009, para 3), â€Å"It has worked. North American firms are now more efficient and productive. They have restructured to take advantage of economies of scale in production and intra-industry specialization.† C. Parr Rosson III and associates emphasize that the notion of trade blocs is quite fresh in North America, yet claims that comparable agreements in other parts of the world have demonstrated steady gains when analyzed from a long-term point of view. The authors identify various types of ‘preferential trading arrangements’ (Teslik, 2009, para 4), from restricted economic and customs unions to more free trade agreements such as NAFTA, which have been thriving in Europe. The paper, mentioned in the article of Teslik (2009), stresses that preferential trading agreements can in fact make trade temporary and can bring about disorders in the labor market that are quite unfavorable to a number of laborers, yet can be assumed to have important enduring gains as well. Representatives of the three members of NAFTA have suggested an eagerness and/or plan to broaden NAFTA. This move would be both logical economics and wise foreign policy. The broadening of NAFTA membership into a free trade bloc in the Western hemisphere would prevent the detrimental repercussions of NAFTA and improve the ability of trade growth to encourage economic progress in the region (Caulfield, 2009). At present, there are four settings for enlarging NAFTA (Bernal, 1994, 30): (1) complete accession of other nations through a section in the current NAFTA accord; (2) employing a ‘hub and spoke’ system to add more trading allies to the United States; (3) Mexico or Canada separately, integrating several lesser regional trading unions into NAFTA; or (4) slowly expanding the trading rights of NAFTA to lesser nations without

The symbolic meaning of tattoos and society today Essay

The symbolic meaning of tattoos and society today - Essay Example Originating perhaps as significant identification or ranking systems and evolving through time to take on a variety of meanings and approaches, today’s artistic approach to the tattoo can be as obscure and complex as some of the designs are themselves or as simple as a drunken night on the town coupled with a sudden impulse and an unscrupulous artist. However, only the latter of these two options is typically acknowledged in modern society’s perspective of the art. Samuel M. Steward (1990) indicates there are a variety of reasons why people may choose to get a tattoo including decoration, narcissism, exhibitionism, possession, sadomasochism, rivalry, sexuality and fetishism among a multitude of other possible motivations. Despite any cultural pressures, there remain a variety of reasons why individuals may continue to choose not to be tattooed. These reasons can be based upon physical attributes, such as a general distaste for the practice or more serious health concerns or simply a realization of the eventual breakdown of skin tissue that will render the tattoo-less recognizable in later years. Many people dislike the concept of permanence associated with the tattoo. They fear they may grow tired of the image they chose as young people and justify their abstinence upon this concept alone. A more immediate physical concern is the sensation of â€Å"hundreds of thousands of prices over a period of minutes† (Steward, 1990) and the pain of such an experience.

Financial Management Master Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Management Master - Research Paper Example It also has a secondary listing on the Irish Stock Exchange with the name TESCO PLC. Its market capitalization (as on 11/5/2008) is 33.09 billion pound, revenue is 47.3 billion pound (2008), operating income is 2.97 billion pound(2008) and net income 2.13 billion pound (2008). All figures below are for the Tesco's financial years, which run for 52 or 53 week periods to late February. The figures in the table below include 52 weeks/12 months of turnover for both sides of the business as this provides the best comparative. Total Shareholder Return (TSR) shows the return on investment a shareholder receives over a specified time frame and takes into consideration the share price appreciation/depreciation and dividends received. The TSR is calculated by adding the dividend per share to the capital gain/loss and dividing this by the share price and is expressed as a percentage change over time. I have extracted the data for 4 years for Tesco and Sainsbury and have taken the dividend comprising of the interim and final dividend paid by Tesco along with the stock prices appearing as on the close of every financial year as well as in the beginning of the year for the financial years from 2004-05 till 2007-08. TSR ANALYSIS FOR TESCO : As it is quite clear from the calculat... racted the data for 4 years for Tesco and Sainsbury and have taken the dividend comprising of the interim and final dividend paid by Tesco along with the stock prices appearing as on the close of every financial year as well as in the beginning of the year for the financial years from 2004-05 till 2007-08. PARTCULARS OF DIVIDEND PAID BY TESCO DIVIDEND IN PENCE/SHARE PARTCULARS OF SHARE PRICES AS ON PARTICULAR DATE - TESCO SHARE PRICE TSR FOR TESCO Interim - 10/10/07 3.20 As on 23/02/2008 - End 400 Final - 23/04/08 7.70 As on 24/02/2007 - Beginning 446 Total 10.90 Difference in prices - 46 [(-46+10.9)/ 446]*100 = 7.87% Interim - 11/10/06 2.81 As on 24/02/2007 - End 446 Final - 25/04/07 6.83 As on 25/02/2006 - Beginning 335 Total 9.64 Difference in prices 111 [(111+9.64)/ 335]*100 = 36.01% Interim - 28/09/05 2.53 As on 25/02/2006 - End 335 Final - 03/05/06 6.10 As on 26/02/2005 - Beginning 308 Total 8.63 Difference in prices 27 [(27+8.63)/ 308]*100 = 11.57% Interim - 29/09/04 2.29 As on 26/02/2005 - End 308 Final - 20/04/05 5.27 As on 27/02/2004 - Beginning 258 Total 7.56 Difference in prices 50 [(50+7.56)/ 258]*100 = 22.31% TSR ANALYSIS FOR TESCO : As it is quite clear from the calculations that the Total Shareholder Return for the Company has been quite volatile in nature and has been variable for the four years period and the same was negative for the current financial year 2007-08. This is on account of the fluctuating share price although the dividend per share has been on a constant rising scale. Moreover the performance of the stock has been quite volatile for TESCO and for the current financial year 07-08, it showed a downward trend. (ii) Market Value Added(MVA) A calculation that shows the difference between the

Life on the Color Line Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life on the Color Line - Essay Example Their mother leaves them when faced with bankruptcy. Now the whites will not accept them, and the blacks will not accept them either. The boys, however, decide to grit out a living even in such abysmal conditions (Gregory Howard Williams). Racism happen the world over. It happened in Germany when the Nazis declared the superiority of their race. It happened in the Roman empire where Roman citizens boasted of the privileges of their status that was not available to non-Romans. These incidents took place in the past, sometimes in the distant past. However, the issue has not died down to the level where their exposure would only draw curiosity and nothing else. One of the reasons that racism has not died down is the us-and-them thinking pattern that looks upon one's neighbor cultural background with disdain and mockery. From such attitudes one can easily graduate to potentially more dangerous forms of racism that refuses to die down or be consigned to the annals of distant history. One is reminded of the horrors of the Ku Klux Klan and the beating of Rodney King by four white Los Angeles police officers in 1992. These incidents, unfortunately, do not allow the topic of racism to exit in a peaceful mortuary. The present status of Barack Hussein Obama as president of the United States can serve as a bright example of racial tolerance that exists in the United States today. However, consider these facts while hailing the incident of Barak Hussein Obama being elected the first non-white president of the United States. "There is no question that the possibility of violence directed at presidential candidates, especially Obama, is the elephant in the middle of the room," says Peter Fenn, adjunct professor of political management at George Washington University, to describe the media's careful coverage of the issue. Hillary Clinton's comments about the 1968 assassination of Kennedy caused an uproar among those who believe that the candidate wanted to bring up the security issue surrounding Obama" (Marcus Baram). The security threat to Obama exists manifold more that those that existed for white presidents earlier. The issue is not only perplexing but also potential enough for the nation to be concerned about since it has to do with a president who has been elected in a fair and free manner. Conscious and Informed Awareness In the prevailing conditions, it is difficult to decide to turn a new leaf and start afresh where there will be no racial recriminations. Undoubtedly, the situation has improved from what it was earlier when it was all right for black men to serve as caddies and it was normal for black women to serve as housemaids. These are the days when a black man is the president of the United States. However, the stigma of being black in a nation where the white is predominant cannot be removed by wishful objectives. They have to be side stepped with humility and simple acknowledgment. Racial divisions will continue to make their presence felt because man is ultimately a weak entity. Every nation on earth has a race that is majority and some races in the minority. It is natural for the majority to claim dominance over the minority. Nonetheless, issues that concern law and order problems relating

Phychology paper on cognitive developmental stages Essay Example for Free

Phychology paper on cognitive developmental stages Essay During Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, he introduces four different stages that children go through all the way up to adolescents. Piaget states that none of these stages can be skipped. These stages show how a child’s mind is intellectually developing over time as they grow. Their cognitive abilities progress and they begin to have a better understanding of the world around them. Throughout this paper I will explain the four stages of cognitive development; sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational. The first stage of cognitive development that Piaget states is the sensorimotor stage. This stage is initiated at birth and lasts normally through when the child is 18 months. Everything in this stage is learned from the child exploring different things the best way they know how, whether by putting things in their mouth, or learning how to make the toys move on their play mat. Also, early language development occurs during the early part of this stage such as â€Å"coo-ing†. Then language progresses into words towards the later part of this stage where the child starts forming actual words such as â€Å"No†, and â€Å"Mine†. The second stage of cognitive development is the preoperational stage. This stage starts around 18 months, and lasts until about the age of 7. Children start being able to grasp symbols. For example, they can draw a series of squares with a triangle on top to represent a house. They also start to learn the alphabet, which is, of course, the set of symbols we use to read and write. On the other hand, they don’t understand abstract concepts like amounts, speed, or weight. In one of Piaget’s most famous experiments, he showed that children at this stage can’t comprehend that if you pour liquid from a short, wide glass into a tall, narrow glass, it’s still the same amount. The third stage of cognitive development is the concrete operational stage. This stage starts around 7, and lasts until 12 years old. In this stage children comprehend ideas like weight, amount, and speed, and can understand that the amount of liquid in the two glasses is the same. For example, a younger child in this stage would explain what would happen if you hit a glass with a feather based on what he knows about feathers, whereas the older child reasons from the previous statement and answers according to the logic proposed. They can also understand causal relationships; though not necessarily explain the reasoning behind them. The last stage of cognitive development is the formal operational stage. This  stage starts after about the age of 12. At this stage children begin to understand abstract concepts and reason logically. If you ask them what â€Å"justice† means, they can explain it. In this stage formal operational thinking is being illustrated.

Introduction To Kentucky Fried Chicken Business Essay

Introduction To Kentucky Fried Chicken Business Essay This report discusses ethical dilemma such as overcrowded environment, cruelty in slaughterhouse and trashing the Amazon rainforest of KFC and their suppliers and evaluation using moral standards such as Utilitarianism theory and theory of rights and moral duties with recommendations on how these dilemmas may be avoided or solved. 1.0 Introduction to Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) Corporation Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) was found in Louisville; it is the worlds most widespread chicken restaurant chain which offers services to more than 12 million clients in 109 nations all over the world. Kentucky Fried Chicken operates more than 5,200 restaurants in the US and more than 15,000 restaurants all over the world. KFC was introduced by Harland Sanders in the early 1930s. Sanders began preparing and serving food for hungry travellers who pass through by his service station in Corbin, Kentucky, United States. Sanders did not own a bistro, but he used to serve travellers on his own dining table in the living quarters section of his service station. He expanded his business by 1964, as time passes he franchised more than 600 chicken restaurants in all over United States and Canada. Consumers around the world enjoy more than 300 other items from KGF (Kentucky Grilled Chicken) in the US and a salmon sandwich in Japan. KFC then merged with  Yum Brands in1997 when that enterprise w as acquired from PepsiCo as Tricon world-wide restaurants Inc (KFC, 2012).C:UsersHPDesktopkfc-logo.jpg 2.0 Ethical Dilemmas An Ethical dilemma is a complex situation that often engages an apparent mental confrontation between moral imperatives, in which to comply one would outcome in transgressing another (PETA, 2004). Few years back KFC faced questions from NGO such as Greenpeace and The people for treatment of Animals (PETA) regarding unethical activities by KFCs suppliers for chicken such as Cargrill and Pilgrims Prid. KFC was suspect for its role in the decimation of the Amazon rainforest and their ill-treatment towards chicken in poultry farm by PETA (PETA, 2004; Greenpeace, 2006). GREENPEACE Perspective Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning organisation that works towards changing attitudes and behaviours of others and to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace. Another unethical issue of KFC was raised by Greenpeace for their link in destruction of the Amazon Rainforest. In 2006 Greenpeace came up about the mass deforestation in Amazon rainforest caused by KFC (Greenpeace, 2006).   2.1 Dilemma 3: Trashing the Amazon rainforest According to Greenpeace, KFC is fuelling the destruction of Amazon by selling cheap chicken fen on soya grown land. Greenpeace investigation clearly shows that large area of rainforest is being destroyed by direct sales of cheap soya by KFCs supplier Cargill, in order to sell billions of  chickens products to its consumers at low cost. The KFC demand of soya fed for its chicken to their supplier Cargill has done this unethical activity, which is affecting the global climate. Rainforest that covered a huge part of earths land area has reduced due to deforestation, which clearly shows very high impact of business operations. Greenpeace wants Cargill and KFC to make that animal feeds they buy do not contribute to destruction of Amazon (Greenpeace, 2006).C:UsersHPDesktopkfcbanner.jpg PETA Perspective People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is the large animal rights organization. They have more than 3 million supporters and members. In 2004, PETA revealed the results of an investigation which was done into a KFCs suppliers poultry farm in Moorefield, West Virginia; that supplier is known as Pilgrims Pride (PP). PP is second largest processor of chickens in US. PETA revealed that each year probably more than 1 billion chickens got tortured and killed in the poultry farms. The overcrowded environment, cruelty combined with frustrated workers and lack of  ethical operation processes led to improper acts in KFCs supplying slaughterhouse (PETA, 2004). PETA came up with several ethical dilemmas of KFC from which two are explained in this report. 2.1 Dilemma 1: Overcrowded farm environment PETA revealed that in PPs farm, chickens are stuffed in overcrowded sheds where they can hardly find space to move; in the result chicken hurts each other. To save space and avoid chicken hurting it selves and others, the employees cut of off chicken beaks with hot blade with giving it any kind of painkillers. Overcrowding and horrible acts by employees in the farms cause painful ammonia burns on the poor chickens. The main shocking thing is injured chickens receive no treatment and they have to bear the pain throughout their life (PETA, 2004).C:UsersHPDesktopimage-182167-galleryV9-ztnf.jpg 2.2 Dilemma 2: Cruelty in the slaughter house Another case PETA revealed was about the cruelty in the slaughter house. The chickens get slaughtered before they are five weeks old. At the slaughter house, poor chickens are hanging upside down and then employees transferred it through conveyor belts to the killing room fully consciously. At a time many chickens are dumped from the crates to the fast moving conveyor belt that cause chicken at the bottom to get suffocated. Due to unable to manage the huge amount of chickens, the workers in slaughter house threw away chickens, slamming them to walls or floors. Furthermore, during the processing of removing feathers, the live chickens are thrown into scalding hot water which is such a horrible and painful act (PETA, 2004).C:UsersHPDesktopChickenSlaughter.jpg 2.4 Stockholders Analysis Stockholder KFC is one of the brands of Yum brands, which have been conducting their businesses in all over the world. The acts practiced by the KFC and its suppliers have an impact on the stockholders. If an enterprise fails to solve these dilemmas, the enterprise would be responsible for missing out to take advantage of opportunities in future. The investment of the stockholders would be at high risk it the enterprise closes down (Shrestha, K. S, 2010). . Customers Customers expect KFC to serve the best quality and good prices of their products. KFC has many fans all around the world and they expect KFC to grow more and serve them with better products. From research we have noticed that suppliers for KFC have been breeding chicken unhygienic, they give them drugs that can have a negative impact on the consumers health. KFC must investigate about their suppliers breeding and their process so that the quality of chickens is maintained (Shrestha, K. S, 2010). Suppliers KFC has many suppliers from which Pilgrims Pride supplies them the huge amount of chicken and those chickens then go for further process and then to be served into KFC restaurants all around the globe. KFC must convey proper steps and methods to evaluate suppliers and their material as suppliers affect the overall operation of KFC. Furthermore Suppliers must focus on their improvement because if KFC is affected; they would be affected too, as KFC is the main buyer of chicken for suppliers (Shrestha, K. S, 2010). Media Mass media is also affected as most of the protest made all around the world especially by non-government organizations was made from the help of media. Media made organization business firms and even people to be more aware about their and others activities, and show the difference between right and wrong. Through information gained from media, people have changed their decision and demonstrated their activities against the KFC (Shrestha, K. S, 2010). Non-Government Organization (NGO) NGO such as PETA and Greenpeace are likely to be influenced by the suppliers poor acts for chicken handling by the employees in slaughterhouse. PETA revealed these dilemmas to make people aware about the operations of KFCs supplier called Pilgrims Pride and PETA also mentioned some corrective act that can improve the life of chicken. Furthermore Green Peace organization also made the entire world aware about the Cargill for soya fed for chicken, which was highly responsible for Amazon rainforest deforestation (Shrestha, K. S, 2010). 3.0 Evaluation using Moral Standards Evaluation for these dilemmas is done based on two moral standards which are: Utilitarianism Rights and Duties 3.1 Utilitarianism Utilitarianism states actions are right proportion as they tend to promote happiness and wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. Utilitarianism theory says that the benefit should be more than costs. Here are the two options for KFC with their benefits and costs. OPTION 1: Continuation of Unethical Farm Benefits Costs Present Decreasing Operating cost for KFC as less storage cost is occupied by overcrowded chickens. As operating cost decreases profit margin increases for KFC. As profit margin increases stockholders satisfaction increases. Legal actions can be taken against KFC by government and non-government organisations. Example the action taken by PETA and Greenpeace. By having unethical operations, negative brand image are created. Customers can boycott KFC for its animal abuse. Stakeholders are affected seriously in several ways such as stockholder is at high risk for their investment. Future As stockholders satisfaction increases, it attracts more investors to invest in KFCs corporation. Due to high investment, KFC can actually expand their business. Due to customers boycott towards KFCs products can decrease profit margin. By having unethical operations, KFC can be closed in future. By performing unethical operations, it can affect investors decision who wants to invest in KFC. Employees are at high risk of losing their jobs if KFC get shutdown. It also increases Corporate Social Responsibilities for KFC OPTION 2: Ethical Farm Benefits Costs Present Stakeholders satisfaction increases as they are conducting their business ethically. It motivates employees to be ethical in working environment. Brand image are created as KFCs performing ethically. More customers are attracted towards KFCs product because of their ethical operations. Increasing in Non-government organisations satisfaction due to their ethical activities. Increase in production cost by operating ethically. Selling price would be high as there is high production cost. High selling price will decrease customers demand. Future As customers are attracted to by KFCs product, it increases profit margin for them. As profit margin increases, return on investment by stockholders also increases. It attracts more investors and lenders to invest in KFC, as this organisation is earning more profit and rate of return on investment is high. Employees satisfaction increases as the organisation is profitable due to which they can earn bonuses and expect an increase in their salaries. It also improves competitive advantage. It can reduce profit margin as there low demand for their product. Evaluation based on utilitarianism theory As utilitarianism theory says that benefits should be more than cost. KFC must operate ethical farm as the benefits are more than the cost. If they operate unethical farm, the costs would be higher than the benefits. 3.2 Rights and Duties Moral Rights and duties state that all human being are permitted/empowered to do something or are entitled to have something done for them. These rights create duties of others towards an individual. In the case of KFC, it is a duty of KFC to consider the impact of their operations on others; such as the impact on their stakeholders who are getting affected by KFCs unethical operations. Furthermore it is not only the right of Human being to live as they want, animals also have these rights. They also want to be treated properly but cannot fight for their rights thats why we have non-government organisation who fight for animals right such as in KFCs case, PETA is fighting for animals right. It is a duty of KFC to operate according to PETAs animal ACT and laws. Furthermore KFC is not only harming animals but also community and environment by trashing the Amazon rainforest. Its a duty of KFC to be socially responsible for their acts towards environment, local community and their surroundings. 4.0 Recommendation with Justification KFCs supplier such as PP must focus more on preventing animal abuse rather than frustrating their employees. KFC should survey suppliers slaughterhouse regularly to make sure they are following the ethical practices recommended by PETA regarding Controlled Atmosphere Killing. Justification: Controlled Atmosphere Killing will help the birds to have a painless death. Hence, this act will act will take care of cruelty and pain given to birds. 5.0 Conclusion After conducting a wide research on these dilemmas we have learned that PETA and Greenpeace have a fair view about these issues. We have also learn that stakeholders are on high risk by KFCs unethical activities which is not so well either for stakeholders nor for company itself. KFC must change the way they conduct their businesses and they must have a ful knowledge about their workers, environment, community, customers, suppliers and so on.

Normandy :: essays research papers

Introduction The Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944 is variously known as D-Day, the Longest Day, Cross-Channel Attack, and probably some others as well. It was the largest single military operation of World War II. Hence, the Normandy beaches are a must stop if you get anywhere close to France. The 50th anniversary celebration in 1994 generated a lot of hype. The recent movie Saving Private Ryan rekindled that interest. However, the landing always held a special niche going back to the event itself. Much like Gettysburg, the Normandy attack has been studied in great detail -- hour by hour, person by person, shot by shot. We'll assume a flight landing in Paris and getting a rental car (a must) at the airport. Then you would drive over to Caen (about a 150 miles) and spend the night, which would put you at the east end of the beaches the next morning. This book by Bruce Bilven, Jr., is a historical documentation of D-Day, June 6, 1944. The book itself contains a lot of dates, n ames and places, which makes it a tough book to follow. Bruce Bilven Jr., himself took part in the massive D-Day invasion of Omaha Beach, as a second Lieutenant in the 29th Division Artillery. Drawing on his own experiances as a solider in World War II, he wrote two other Landmark Books about the war; From Casablanca to Berlin and From Pearl Harbor to Okinawa. Since the war he has written The American Revolution as well as many other books articles, and reviews. He lives with his wife and co-author, Naomi, and his college-age son in New York City. Summary Strategy D-Day began with the concept of the "Second Front." When Stalin's Russia was invaded in 1941, he immediately demanded that his new allies attack Hitler to take off the pressure. No matter his past complicity. Churchill and Roosevelt replied with the invasion of North Africa in November 1942 and Italy in 1943. Chief of staff George C. Marshall considered these sideshows draining away troops and time. The real war, argued Marshall, was to be a direct advance on Germany through France. Even as the "sideshows" proceeded, three other campaigns were under way -- the war against the German submarines, the US-British strategic bombing offensive against Germany, and the logistical buildup in Britain. The submarine conflict was a precondition for the bombing and the buildup.

Genes Coming of Age in A Separate Peace Essay -- Separate Peace Essay

Gene's Coming of Age in A Separate Peace      Ã‚  Ã‚   The novel, A Separate Peace, by John Knowles, is the coming of age story of Gene Forrester. This novel is a flashback to the year 1943, when Gene is attending Devon School during his senior year and the summer before it. "Gene's youth and inexperience make him ill-equipped to deal with situations that require maturity" (Overview: A Separate Peace 2). However, Gene is a follower of Finny and therefore gains experiences that provoke his development into adulthood. Some of these experiences include: breaking Finny's leg, training for the 1944 Olympics, and killing Finny. Through these three experiences Gene is forced to grow out of his childish-self and become a man.    Gene jounces a limb of the tree he and Finny were standing on, causing Finny to fall and break his leg. Gene's jealousy of Finny's perfection causes him to have childish feelings of resentment and hatred. After Finny's leg was broken, Gene realized "that there never was and never could have been any rivalry between" (Knowles 51) him and Finny. Gene looked at himself and became conscious of what a terrible, self-absorbed friend he had been. Understanding there was no competition caused him to discard the majority of his feelings of jealousy. Getting rid of these feelings made him grow-up because he was no longer spending countless hours believing a childish game was being played between Finny and him. Gene began to understand more of Finny's goodness and love towards all, making him strive to be more like Finny.    When Finny trains Gene for the 1944 Olympics, Gene becomes more mature. Through Finny's coaching of Gene, Gene acquires many characteristics of the already grown-up Fi... ... age of Gene Forrester. Because Finny causes Gene to grow up, we are able to realize that one must grow up to move on in life. In that process of growing up, several people impact your life. This novel shows us how our identity is basically created by those who are present in our lives; however we must not measure our abilities against another person (Overview: A Separate Peace 2). We are shown how the impact of one person can make a great difference. The goodness in people is what one should always take away from a relationship. This is shown in the relationship between Gene and Finny. The experiences Finny gives Gene cause him to grow up and become a better person because of them.    Sources Bryant, Hallman. A Separate Peace: the War Within. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co, 1990. Knowles, John. A Separate Peace. New York: Macmillan, 1961.      

Rate of Chemical Reaction between Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid :: Papers

Rate of Chemical Reaction between Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid Aim: - ====== I plan to investigate the effect of temperature, to see if it increases or decreases the rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. Prediction: - ============= I predict that as the temperature of the hydrochloric acid increases, the quicker the rate of reaction will be. This is due to the molecules in the hydrochloric acid gaining energy from the heat. Consequently, the molecules have increased kinetic energy, which will produce more activation energy. The particles will have more successful collisions resulting in a faster reaction rate. No heat Heat present Lines of reaction [IMAGE] Mg turnings Beaker [IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE] Hcl [IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE] The above diagram show that when there is more heat present there are more lines of reaction than if there was less heat. This is due to the number of successful collisions being far greater when the hydrochloric acid is heated. I predict also that if I did a graph showing the volume of gas against time it would look like the following. [IMAGE] From the above graph you can see that when the Time Increases the volume of gas being produced goes up, then it levels off. It levels off because the volume of hydrogen gas being produced is slowing down because all the magnesium and hydrochloric acid is being used up. Fair test ========= In order to keep my experiment as fair as possible I will have to make sure I keep the following factors the same: - Volume of acid (25cm3) Mass of Magnesium (0.1g) I will make sure the gas syringe is connected correctly and securely to the side arm conical, so no hydrogen gas can escape. I will start the syringe at 0 for each run. Also I would make sure to put the bung on quickly, to prevent the hydrogen gas escaping.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs within Lord of the Flies Essay

Abraham Maslow formulated a theory of a hierarchy of needs, stating that he believed that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied or incomplete needs. In his theory there are five levels of certain needs in which lower needs need to be satisfied before higher needs can be achieved. The five needs are physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs applies to many of the characters in Lord of the Flies, such as Piggy, Ralph, and Jack, and shows how they are affected when their needs are unsatisfied. The lowest and basic need of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is physiological needs, which are the necessity of air, water, food, sleep, and shelter. Throughout the novel, the majority of the boys acquired all of their physiological needs. There were three shelters built of tree branches, logs, and leaves. The boys slept in the shelters at night for warmth and a sense of home. Many of the younger boys munched on the fruits they picked in the jungle and everyone ate roasted pig which Jack and his hunters slaughtered periodically. The boys also filled up coconut shells with water and placed them under trees and in the shade of the jungle to be chilled and drank when necessary. Since the boys alleviated their physiological needs, they were able to think about other needs, such as safety. The second need of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is the necessity for safety, which is protection and maintaining wellbeing while creating stability in a chaotic world. One of Ralph’s first instincts was to maintain safety by searching and exploring the island with Jack and Simon for anything or anyone who could possibly pose a threat to their wellbeing while inhabiting the island. Also, Piggy and Ralph find a conch in the water on the island. The conch was blown as a signal to let the other lost boys know where they were, which refers to Maslow’s need of safety because this would not have been done if the kids did not feel safe. If Ralph and Piggy felt that they were safe and protected, they would have kept quiet and to themselves and they would not have been found. Another way the boys gained the need of safety is by building the huts on the beach as a form of protection which acted like a  house, and definitely made the younger and more immature boys feel much more secure. Even though many jobs were completed to secure the boys safety, many of the little boys still felt unsafe, this resulted in a huge dilemma. One night during an assembly one of the boys told the story about how he saw a beast in the forest. Many of the younger boys are having nightmares about this story, and are watching their backs while in the forests. On page 36, Ralph says, â€Å"But there isn’t a beastie,† repeatedly but his attempts to remove the trepidation and fear within the littluns proved to be futile. Since almost all of the young boys were always afraid of a beast or a monster, their need of safety was never achieved, they were unable to reach other needs higher on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, so their lives on the island were incomplete, and they all lived in fear and anxiety. The third necessity of Maslow’s theory is the need of love and belongingness, or the acceptance of others and the need to be needed. Due to Piggy’s past of being ridiculed and mocked in his old school, his first impulse was to try and make friends and be accepted early on in the novel. As soon as Piggy ran into Ralph he asked him his name and tried to become friends with him. Ralph says to Piggy, â€Å"Get my clothes,† on page 14, which shows that Piggy is willing to be a servant to make a friend or acquaintance. It seems that Piggy had already fulfilled the first two needs, and now he wants to fit in with Ralph. Another example is when Ralph blew the conch all of the other kids came and they had a meeting. â€Å"Signs of life were now visible on the beach. The sand, trembling beneath the heat haze, concealed many figures in its miles of length; boys were making their way toward the platform through the hot, dumb sand.† (18) All of the boys came to the meeting and participated in the meeting, which showed that they all wanted to belong. If they did not want to belong, they would have stayed off by themselves or not have joined in on the meeting. All of the main characters achieved this need, although Jack was unhappy with his role in the group and was trying to find ways of gaining more respect throughout the novel. The fourth need of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is esteem, which is the mastery of a task and also receiving attention and recognition from others, or the need for power. A prime example of this need being fulfilled is when  Jack forms his own tribe and made him self the leader not only because he was power hungry, but because he could not stand the fact the Ralph was chosen chief and was getting all the attention. Jack also found something that he was skilled at. His skill was hunting. Jack used his skill and found it valuable to win over the other kids on the island to assemble a new group and make him the leader of it. After some time and much conflict Jack had every person on the island under his command or killed them. The only exception to this was Ralph who scarcely evaded a similar fate. Piggy never achieves the goal of esteem because he is not appreciated for his intellect and wisdom which he offers the boys in times of need. Since Piggy never exceeded this need, his personality suffered and he has a very weak personality, and was easily bullied and pushed around. Simon, another main character, never achieved the need of esteem. Many of the boys thought Simon was unusual and secretive, and he is constantly ridiculed quietly, usually behind his back. For example, on page 74, â€Å"Ralph stirred uneasily. Simon sitting between the two twins and Piggy, wiped his mouth and shoved his piece of meat over the rocks to Piggy, who grabbed it. The twins giggled and Simon lowered his head in shame.† This passage shows that even when Simon was doing good deeds he was not congratulated and did not receive recognition for many of his unselfish actions. Neither Simon nor Piggy ever achieved the need for esteem, and coincidentally, they were also outcasts and were the only t wo boys murdered on the island. The fifth and final need is the need for self-actualization, which is, â€Å"the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that is capable of becoming.† Self-actualization did not directly occur within the boys on the island, but Ralph seemed to become very close. â€Å"Ralph looked at him dumbly. For a moment he had a fleeting picture of the strange glamour that had once invested the beaches. But the island was scorched up like dead wood-Simon was dead-and Jack had†¦. The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island; great shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning wreckage if the island; and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too. And in the middle of them, with filthy body, matted hair, unwiped nose,  Ralph wept fir the end of innocence, the darkness of a man’s heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called piggy.† (202) This significant passage shows Ralph breaking down and showing his true emotions and what he feels inside. Ralph realizes he had the power to make the boys stay on the island a much less violent and much more enjoyable, but he did not use his power correctly and he was overturned, which lead to the death of two innocent children. This is a type of self-actualization because Ralph realized what he could have been, said, and done. Ralph realized that he did not fulfill his unique potential and could have been all he could be on the island but did not take advantage of this opportunity. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs best demonstrates what occurred on the island in Lord of the Flies. It also proves why many of the acted the way they did. In Lord of the Flies, chaos and violence was extremely relevant within the group of boys not only because of differing values and conflicting views, but also because many of the boys needs were being neglected during there stay on the island.

Critical and Creative Thinking Of Law Essay

Ever been stuck on that one level of Candy Crush and cannot seem to get past it? Then, to make things worse, you notice all the other players on levels 254, 386, or some other outrageous level, while you have been stuck on level 46 for months. How on earth are these people so talented and smart? The answer is simple. It is called critical and creative thinking. Critical and creative thinking are two methods used to formulate a genuine response to a situation, which the decision could affect the future. This article identifies how important critical and creative thinking is in the hands of a judge, the characteristics of both thinking processes, and how it leads to higher intellectual thinking and decision making. Experience in Critical and Creative Thinking Every person is faced with a point in their life when they are left with no other means of a decision rather than to critically and creatively think about the situation. Many people use these types of thinking techniques on an everyday basis, while others may just live on the edge. According to James, N., Hughes, C., & Cappa, C (2010), â€Å" Within the discipline of law, critical thinking is frequently emphasized but often defined with a lack of precision or not at all† (P. 287). James, Hughes, and Cappa identify the process of legal critical thinking, also known as CLT, below: â€Å" Type 1: The judgement of specific claims and arguments (including claims about the law and legal arguments) according to the criteria of accuracy and logic. Type 2: The judgement of disciplinary knowledge (including legal doctrine, legal rules and legal processes) according to the criteria of consistency with theoretical and ideological standards (including jurisprudential and liberal standards). Type 3: The judgement of norms, decisions and processes (including laws, legal decisions and legal processes) according to the criterion of equity of outcome.† (2010). In The Mind of a Judge When people do not weigh the positives and negatives of the actions they are about to perform, the consequences could result in a criminal record. Think of one person that has never broken the law. Any luck? Most likely, the answer is no. Let’s be honest; it is illegal to remove those ridiculous caution stickers that come on just about anything you purchase. On another note, not all people use their common sense on what will happen if you stick a fork in a toaster or drop a hair dryer in the bathtub full of water. The point is if one does not use critical thinking before they act; the consequences could be a lot bigger than anyone may wish for. The cost of something that seems as little as a speeding ticket could always lead to the unexpected. Imagine role-playing a judicial position for a day. At first, it appears to be a piece of cake. Here is this giant book of rules and if you break them, you will get whichever consequence the book says. It is not quite that simple. Decision process. After the first few months on the job as the judge’s administrative assistant, a very difficult case came up that dealt with a past relationship between a man and a woman and a sexual assault case. The case left the judge and I puzzled and not sure on the verdict. He called for a recess, and we took a little while to discuss the nature of the situation. Not only did we use critical thinking, but also, creative thinking. We took out a piece of paper and step-by-step we went through the evidence to clarify how the story lines up. Then, we viewed the perspectives of both sides and the problems of possible scenarios. This was a very difficult situation because both of us knew the man that was being accused of the crime. After we finished laying out the steps of our critical thinking process, we then moved forward to our creative state of mind. How would the outcome of our decision affect others? What will be accomplished in our decision-making? What behavioral patterns will be eliminated? After, writing out all of the details to both sides of the story and examining possible motives, we  concluded that the defendant was not guilty. There was not enough evidence to prove the defendant guilty and the story of the victim did not add up. The pressure of making these paramount decisions is not a job anyone should wish for. Any wrong decision could affect the life of another individual, or worse, more than one person. This is only one prime example why critical and creative thinking is an important factor in an effective decision-making process. The critical and creative thinking must be used by those who have the power to determine whether or not an individual is guilty or not guilty and how the guilty will pay for the consequences they brought upon themselves. Critical and Creative Thinking Characteristics With the variety of everyday challenges that may spontaneously occur, critical and creative thinking is a wise choice in the decision-making process for those important choices that must be made. Learning the characteristics of both thinking processes is vital in understanding how to practice critical and creative thinking effectively. Some of the characteristics of each will be discussed below. Critical thinking. The unbiased study and evaluation of a situation used to form a decision sums up the definition of critical thinking. Some characteristics that identify the clarity of critical thinking are as follows: 1) thinking that evolves to an accurate, precise, and depth decision, 2) thinking that develops higher intellectual traits, 3) thought that helps the thinker recognize the fundamentals of thought that exist in every problem, and 4) thinking involves the answering of questions before the decision is made. These are just a few characteristics to consider when using critical thinking. To effectively pursue this thought process one must be able logically to connect the fundamentals of each problem (Rusbult, 2008). Creative thinking. According to NC State University, creative thinking is, â€Å"the generation of new ideas within or across domains of knowledge, drawing upon or intentionally breaking with established symbolic rules and procedures. It usually involves the behaviors of preparation, incubation, insight, evaluation, elaboration, and communication† (2014). Creative thinkers obtain a sum of common characteristics. Each thinker must contain a solid  conscious of self-adequacy and are keen on taking risks. We often refer to these as â€Å"risk takers† rather than â€Å"critical thinkers†, but both can be used in specific problem solving. Summary of Intellectual Thinking In conclusion, not every important decision in life can be made by critical thinking but are better off using creative thinking to solve the problem. How would you feel if you were in a life or death situation in the hands of a doctor and they decided to kick back for a little to assess the situation, define possible negativities and outcomes and then compare and contrast them with the positives? You may not be here. Some decisions in life are best prepared based on creative thinking. However, if one practices critical thinking often, the intellectual ability to make bigger and wiser choices will develop. These abilities will help the creative state of mind become more natural and easier. Hence, why it was more difficult for me to determine the verdict of the trial earlier. Critical and creative thinking requires a higher intellectual ability and confidence. In order to posses these skills, one must be able to ignore the natural instinct to protect your personal beliefs. Anyone could be incorrect; critical and creative thinkers need to be ready to face that possibility. After the knowledge of critical and creative thinking, your intellectual thoughts will thicken and create your own knowledge of the world. Rather than seeking the thoughts of others and their assumptions, your brain will provide you with the proper knowledgeable toolkit to make your own conclusions based on the information provided. References James, N., Hughes, C., & Cappa, C. (2010). Conceptualising, developing and assessing critical thinking in law. Teaching In Higher Education, 15(3), 285-297. NC State Univeristy. (2014). Critical and Creative Thinking Definitions. Adapted from John Dewey; Richard Paul and Lind Elder; Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, and M.A. Rosenman and J. S. Gero. Retrieved from http://accreditation.ncsu.edu/critical-creative-thinking-definitions. Rusbult, C. (December 2008). Critical Thinking Skills In Education and Life. The American Scientific Affiliation. Retrieved from http://www.asa3.org/ASA/education/think/critical.htm#critical-thinking

Reproductive Health Bill Essay

II. BODY The first time the Reproductive Health Bill was proposed was in 1998. During the present 15th Congress, the RH Bills filed are those authored by House Minority Leader Edcel Lagman of Albay, HB 96; Iloilo Rep. Janette Garin, HB 101, Akbayan Representatives Kaka Bag-ao & Walden Bello; HB 513, Muntinlupa Representative Rodolfo Biazon, HB 1160, Iloilo Representative Augusto Syjuco, HB 1520, Gabriela Rep. Luzviminda Ilagan. In the Senate, Sen. Miriam Defensor Santiago has filed her own version of the RH bill which, she says, will be part of the country’s commitment to international covenants. On January 31, 2011, the House of Representatives Committee on Population and Family Relations voted to consolidate all House versions of the bill, which is entitled An Act Providing for a Comprehensive Policy on Responsible Parenthood, Reproductive Health and Population Development and for Other Purposes. One of the main concerns of the bill, according to the Explanatory Note, is that population of the Philippines makes it â€Å"the 12th most populous nation in the world today†, that the Filipino women’s fertility rate is â€Å"at the upper bracket of 206 countries.† It states that studies and surveys â€Å"show that the Filipinos are responsive to having smaller-sized families through free choice of family planning methods.† It also refers to studies which â€Å"show that rapid population growth exacerbates poverty while poverty spawns rapid population growth.† And so it aims for improved quality of life through a â€Å"consistent and coherent national population policy.† Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well- being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes. Reproductive health therefore implies that people are able to have a satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so. Implicit in this last condition are the right of men and women to be informed and to have access to safe, effective, affordable and acceptable methods of family planning of their choice, as well as other methods of their choice for regulation of fertility which are not against the law, and the right of access to appropriate health-care services that will enable women to go safely through pregnancy and childbirth and provide couples with the best chance of having a healthy infant. In line with the above definition of reproductive health, reproductive health care is d efined as the constellation of methods, techniques and services that contribute to reproductive health and well-being through preventing and solving reproductive health problems. It also includes sexual health, the purpose of which is the enhancement of life and personal relations, and not merely counselling and care related to reproduction and sexually transmitted diseases. 7.3. Bearing in mind the above definition, reproductive rights embrace certain human rights that are already recognized in national laws, international human rights documents and other relevant United Nations consensus documents. These rights rest on the recognition of the basic right of all couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual. There are 6 bills pertaining to reproductive health and/or population management that have been filed for deliberation in both the House of Representatives and the Senate for the 15th Congress. The most controversial of these bills is House Bill No. 96 authored by Rep. Edcel Lagman. House Bill No. 96, also known as the proposed â€Å"Reproductive Health and Population and Development Act of 2010,† will cover the following areas: †¢midwives of skilled attendance †¢emergency obstetric care †¢access to family planning †¢maternal death review †¢family planning supplies as essential medicines †¢benefits for serious and life-threatening reproductive health conditions †¢mobile health care service †¢mandatory age-appropriate reproductive health and sexuality education †¢responsibility of local family planning office and certificate of compliance †¢capability building of barangay health workers †¢ideal family size †¢employers’ responsibilities †¢multi-media campaign †¢implementing mechanisms †¢reporting requirements †¢prohibited acts †¢penalties The bill is controversial, as it is being opposed by concerned citizens, especially the pro-life, pro-family and pro-God groups, regardless of creed or religion. The Roman Catholic Church expresses its opposition against the bill on many counts, most especially the procurement and distribution of family planning supplies for the whole country, when the available evidence from peer reviewed medical journals supports the hypothesis that when ovulation and fertilization occur in women taking oral contraceptives (OCs) or using intrauterine devices (IUD), post-fertilization effects are operative on occasion to prevent clinically recognized pregnancy. Hormonal contraceptives and/or IUDs directly affect the endometrium. These effects have been presumed to render the endometrium relatively inhospitable to implantation or to the maintenance of the preembryo or embryo prior to clinically recognized pregnancy. These make pills and IUDS abortifacient. Pro-life groups, and many professionals in the medical and nursing fields, believe that physicians and policy makers should understand and respect the beliefs of patients who consider human life to be present and valuable from the moment of fertilization. Patients should be made fully aware of this information so that they can consent to or refuse the use of artificial contraceptives. However, the position of the Catholic Church and the pro-life groups does not mean that they espouse the attitude of â€Å"natalism† at all costs, as if the â€Å"number† of children, in itself, were the unmistakable sign of authentic christian matrimonial life. The sexual act, properly exercised within marriage only, is ordained primarily to the propagation of life. If there are reasonable motives for spacing births, such as serious medical conditions in the mother, or extreme poverty, then the Catholic Church teaches that married couples may take advantage of the natural cycles of the reproductive system and use their marriage precisely those times that are infertile (natural family planning). Other aspects of the bill being contested by concerned citizens include the classification of family planning supplies as essential medicines when their safety/toxicity profile and legal permissibility are questionable. At the same time, more importance should be given to the prevalent diseases, the top ten leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines, namely, infections such as pneumonia and tuberculosis. Financial resources allotted by foreign donors to assist the Philippine government programs could actually be better spent towards pursuing health programs targeting communicable diseases than purchasing artificial contraceptives. Very pertinent to the debate about reproduction rights is the right to life. The Philippine Constitution says that the State â€Å"shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception. If artificial contraceptives are medically proven to induce abortion as one of their mechanisms of action, then procurement and distribution of such family planning supplies are unconstitutional and illegal. Benefits of the RH Bill Allow couples to make decision to plan for their families The RH Bills gives the couples and the women, specifically, the choice and freedom on the mode of family planning they want to pursue depending on their needs, choice, personal convictions and religious beliefs. But the RH Bill is not just about the family planning Prevents spread of sexually transmitted disease like aids and STDs and eventually control population growth necessary for economic development The liberal minds view the RH Bill as a strategy in fighting overpopulation and the spreading of AID and STD diseases. That’s what they say. They believe that the natural way of family planning is passe in this time of modern age. They want children as early as in their pre-teens to be taught about sex education. Enhance woman’s health as she will be able to determine when to get pregnant The women can determine when they want to get pregnant. Through this will, it will ensure the health of the women, which can be put to risk with pre-existing condition such as diabetes or pregnancies with not much gap or spaced-closed together. They will gain more control over their bodies and health. This will also ensure the children of having a healthy mother to take care of them. Prevents unwanted pregnancy It can be argued, in fact, that in guaranteeing information on and access to â€Å"medically-safe, legal, affordable and quality† natural and modern family planning methods (sec. 2), the bill seeks â€Å"to prevent unwanted, unplanned and mistimed pregnancies† the main cause of induced abortions

Houghton Mifflin Company Essay

World War 1 is the first war in history that I may say, involved the use of technology and advances in science. The ever famous â€Å"mustard gas† was developed by the Germans, and used against the allied forces. Mustard gas is an oily liquid that readily evaporates into a very noxious and toxic gas, and are used in chemical warfare, where it burns the skin and causes very fatal respiratory and lung damages. It was used effectively against bunkers and trenches, where escape was not easy, so the efficiency of the gas is very high. The Allied forces counteract and produced the first ever effective gas mask, made from very fine activated carbon; it absorbs the poisonous gas, preventing severe damage and effect to the allied soldiers. The drawback of this mask was it reduced visibility and made the soldier vulnerable to sniper attacks. World War 1 was also the setting for the first aerial warfare. Airplanes in the form of biplanes (the first type of airplane, it was very light and it resembled the first airplanes developed by the Wright brothers). They converted simple courier and transport planes into aerial and bomber planes, mass produced the most efficient design and further improved its applications. The Germans have early aerial advantage against the allied forces because of its high amount of available fighter planes and the ever famous Zeppelin, a large dirigible or flying balloon used in bombarding and raiding Britain. But the German advantage declined starting the mid-1916 because the British forces gained aerial superiority in the Western front. Aside trench warfare; tanks were also first widely used in World War 1. Light tanks were first manufactured on 1910 and used for small wars and revolts on the British Empire. The Germans also manufactured tanks to cope up with the allied forces. Armored tanks were used later to inflict damage to enemy trenches. Besides tanks, long range artillery was also developed. High powered howitzers and cannons were fired towards enemy trenches and were proven effective against concentrated enemy troops and tanks. On sea, naval warfare was also developed. Large sea vessels carried high powered bombs and can lay siege even to distant enemy camps. The Germans was the first to use submarines on a full scale war on the sea. They can damage enemy ships without being detected or even seen. The submarine was proven to be effective as patrol on enemy sea territory and can be used as a warning if enemy naval ships were mobilized. The famous German submarine was the U-boat. It was used on unrestricted submarine warfare, in which enemy ships were targeted and sunk, even civilian ships. This unrestricted submarine warfare leads the United States to join the war on 1917. The reason was because the German U-boat was a risk to the United States trade policies with European countries. The U-boat has sunk the Lusitania on 1915, a British liner en route to the United States. It carried American citizens, and reports were published that Americans were killed during the attack. These angered the United States, thus declaring war on Germany and the Central Powers. World War 1 was not fought only on Europe. The colonies of European nations involved also joined the war. Japan for instance, joined the Allied forces to obtain German colonies on the pacific. The British expeditionary forces battled the Ottoman Empire on the desert. The expeditionary force led by T. E. Lawrence pushed the Ottoman Empire troops back into Lebanon until its defeat by the Allied forces on September 1918. The Treaty of Versailles ended the war. When the Central powers were defeated, this treaty promised peace all throughout Europe and it was the one who outlined the land and territorial distribution of lands acquired from the Central powers. I was affected by the topic because World War 1 was a very devastating war. Over 20 million casualties were reported on both sides. May were killed and wounded. I know war was against morality. But sometimes, countries and governments were blinded by their ambitions, mostly to obtain power and territories. As stated earlier, war is inevitable. Although the United Nation exists now, war is still happening. Even now, as I write this article, a war is happening, somewhere out there. War can still be prevented up to a certain extent. Peace talks must be initiated to prevent further conflicts, even if war has already broke up. Living in peace is a very good thing. I can help to achieve that, in my own little way, by respecting others’ opinion and properties. If every nation on earth can learn that, I am sure war are sure to be found on History books only. No war will happen once again. Respect is the word. References Andrea, A. J, and Overfield J. H. (1990). The Human record: Sources of Global History. Vol. 2. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Company. Heilbroner, R. H. (1974). An Inquiry into the Human Prospect. New York. Norton and Company. Keilor W. R. (2007). â€Å"World War 1†. Microsoft ® Student 2008 [DVD]. Redmond. Microsoft Corporation

Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Science - Essay Example Once in the sea, they typically stay there around 4 years before returning up the rivers they came from to spawn. 3. Wildebeast – nomadic migration, performed by wildebeasts as a function of seeking out new grazing and better sources of drinking water; this typically is a relatively short migratory route. Occurs on a seasonal basis and is dependent upon the quality of grass and the availability of water within the affected regions. Other species such as the impala accompany the wildebeasts in this mass migration pattern. 4. Humback Whales – seasonal migration. Humpback whales spend the winter months in warmer climates while during the summers they hunt for krill and small fish in polar climates. Performed on a seasonal/yearly basis; this typically is a relatively long migratory route. Humpback whales are known not to eat while in the warmer waters closer to the equator during the winter months. 5. Dall Sheep – altitudinal migration. Dall sheep typically spend the winter months in lower elevations where they can dig through the snow to find patches of existing grass. However, once the summer months appear, they climb back up into higher elevations; both for protection and due to the fact that food is also abundantly available there; this typically is a relatively short migratory route. ... The average arctic tern lives about 20 years and during this time can cover over 1.5 million miles! 7. Golden Eagles-partial migration. The golden eagles ultimately a bird that exhibits a partial migration in the fact that not each and every one of the species leaves it habitat as part of the migration. The migration itself is a medium to long migratory route that has as its purpose breeding in the sub Arctic regions of Alaska and Canada; returning to warmer climates once the summer is at an end. The golden eagle is the emblem of perhaps more countries than any other animal. It is officially the emblem of Albania, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Austria, and Germany. 8. Sea Turtles (pick any one of the 8 species) – reproductive migration. Green sea turtles travel vast distances from their feeding grounds to the beaches that they will ultimately deposit their eggs upon. Currently, green sea turtles, like the other sea turtles, are endangered due to human activity and the overall lack of en vironmental conditions that they can lay their eggs unadulterated. 9. Locusts – is a type of animal that exhibits an interruptive migration. These migrations are incumbent upon the region that the locust is in and the availability of the food source within this region. The distances traveled are usually not as far as many of the other species that have been discussed. Locust migration has been known to cause vast amounts of damage and ultimately the deaths of tens of thousands of people throughout history as the result of famine caused by the destruction in crops and grassland that they can effect. 10. Great Gray Owls- are indicative of a nomadic migration. The nomadic patterns of the great grey owl are little understood;

CRITICALLY EXAMINE RECENT RESEARCH INTO THE INFLUENCE OF GRANDPARENTS Essay

CRITICALLY EXAMINE RECENT RESEARCH INTO THE INFLUENCE OF GRANDPARENTS AS CARERS ON CHILDRENS LIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME - Essay Example he need for extended families is compounded by the rise economic stagnation manifested by reduction in real wages, and overall reduction in jobs offering benefits and a living wage, and government sector retrenchments for single mothers, and working poor (Baker, Silverstein, and Putney, 2008, p. 2).The result is a compromise in the ability of parents to raise their children while increasing the childcare gap. In this case, grandparents are the most reliable guardian in such distressed families as their sons and daughters in the middle-generation are incapable of rearing their children on their own. Baker, Silverstein, and Putney (2008, p. 3) highlight that about 6.5 million children in the United States live with one grandparent causing about 9% of all children nationally. This means that while the parents of these children work, grandparents are used as babysitters, who offer childcare. Consequently, families translate into multi-generational households. The grandparents living with grandchildren can be custodial or non-custodial. With custodial carer, the grandparents care for grandchildren on a full time basis. The grandparents can be relatives or non relatives the grandchildren left to care for children, especially where the motheres return to work after having a baby (Grandparents Plus). Unrelated grandparents are just day carers. Conversely, non-custodial grandparents caring for grandchildren are just day carers who are not the principle source of care for the children since their parents are either co-residents or not. However, the research notes that grandparent carers are unevenly distributed across racial groups and social classes, especially where poor families depend on them as cheap childcare that facilitates both parents to work (Grandparents Plus). Furthermore, amongst African Americans custodial grandparenting rates are very high given the historically high rates of single parenting and poverty (Backhouse 12). Extended familism’s cultural

Company Profile Project on American Airlines Essay

Company Profile Project on American Airlines - Essay Example He has always advocated for consolidation in the airline industry so as to create a stable as well as a competitive environment for its employees, the nearby community and the shareholders. Beverly K. Goulet who is the Senior Vice President and Chief Integration Officer plays the role of worldwide functional manager. Beverly Goulet previously served as the chief restructuring officer of AMR Corp and led the restructuring process in chapter 11 of America’s constitution as well as in the analysis and negotiation of American’s merger with the US Airways. As the worldwide functional manager, she is charged with the role of leveraging knowledge as well as innovations across the various functional departments within the company. The position is held by Stephen L. Johnson as the Executive Vice President Corporate Affairs and Assistant Secretary. Johnson holds a Masters of Business Administration as well as Juris Doctor from the University of California. He further holds a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from California State University. As the geographic subsidiary manager, he operates as a bicultural interpreter who is in charge of linking different cultures within the company. He is at the forefront in the implementation of corporate as well as global strategies aimed at transforming the image of the company globally. Within the American Airlines, top-level managers include J. Scott Kirby who is the president and Elise R Erbwein who serves as the vice president. Kirby first served as the president of US Airways and he saw a number of major achievements in the airline industry. The top-level managers are responsible for overseeing the operations of the entire organization. They come up with strategic plans as well as setting a tone at the top of the organization so as to ensure smooth operations in the entire organization.